The template used for PCB assembly manufacturing is made by referencing the PCB design layout with Gerber file data. Each template manufacturing technique produces different hole wall qualities. The quality depends on the roughness and accuracy of the template holes. The following are different template manufacturing technologies adopted by the industry.
laser cutting
Laser cutting is most suitable for forming precise apertures with neat edges. It is most suitable for fine spacing and high-density design. Laser cutting can produce trapezoidal aperture, making it easier to release solder paste. Therefore, laser cutting PCB templates are widely used.
Chemical Etching
Chemical etching uses subtraction to form patterns on templates. Firstly, clean the metal surface and cover it with photoresist. Then use chemicals to develop and rinse the photoresist. Etch unwanted metal with etchant spray.
electroform
Unlike other techniques, electroplating is an additive method that uses nickel. Electroforming is sometimes combined with laser cutting to obtain more precise PCB template apertures.
Solder paste printing problems and solutions
The following lists possible issues that may arise from poor design of circuit board templates, as well as solutions proposed based on our experience.
Printing misalignment
Inaccurate alignment between the circuit board and PCB template may result in printing misalignment.
The template is 100% accurate and the alignment should also be completed correctly.
Solder bridging
Incorrect aperture geometry may cause solder overflow and bridging during printing and reflow processes.
Ensure the aperture is correct and inspect the template with PCB before printing solder paste.
Incomplete solder coverage
The template opening is too narrow, which can lead to insufficient solder volume and incomplete solder coverage.
Experienced engineers will develop appropriate template files. After completion, compare the template with the PCB pads.
Solder Ball
In addition to reflow soldering issues, the side of PCB templates may also be affected by template thickness and aperture size.
Adopt appropriate template thickness and aperture, and use solder ball templates.
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Haibo is an expert in the field of FPC/PCB manufacturing and surface mount assembly in China. Since our establishment in 2017, we have been providing high-quality PCBs to over 1000 customers worldwide. Our factory has passed ISO14001, ISO9001:2015, TS16949, and ISO13485:2016 certifications. We are one of the most trusted small and medium-sized FPC/PCB manufacturers in China.
